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Şvabi sătmăreni - Enciclopedia României - prima enciclopedie online despre România

Şvabi sătmăreni

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Şvabii sătmăreni sunt un grup etnic german care locuieşte în zona Satu Mare, dar nu limitat doar la acest judeţ, ci şi în unele părţi din judeţele Bihor, Sălaj şi Maramureş. Aceştia fac parte din grupul mai mare al şvabilor dunăreni şi sunt în principal agricultori germani veniţi aici în secolul al XVIII-lea din regiunea Suabi, Germania.

Istoric

Primii şvabii sătmăreni au ajuns în Maramureş în 1712 în urma unei solicitări a contelui Alexander Karolyi care dorea repopularea zonei, devastată de războaie. Iniţial aceştia trăiau în circa 40 de aşezări, unele exclusiv germane, altele mixte. În comparaţie cu alte grupuri de germani colonizaţi în sud-estul Europei, şvabii sătmăreni nu au primit pământ pentru că s-au stabilit pe domenii nobiliare. Astfel ei au fost încă de la început constrânşi la iobăgie.

Al doilea val de germani veniţi în Maramureş a fost cel al ţipţerilor, tot în secolul al XVIII-lea. Aceştia erau atât agricultori, cât şi meşteşugari şi mineri. Venirea lor a adus o contribuţie importantă la dezvoltarea economică a regiunii. Până la sfârşitul secolului aici au mai venit şi alte grupuri de colonişti germani, veniţi din Europa centrală şi de vest.

Procesele de maghiarizare din secolele XIX - XX au avut un mare impact asupra şvabilor sătmăreni, deoarece erau catolici şi în biserica catolică se folosea exclusiv limba maghiară. După 1945 foarte mulţi s-au refugiat de regimul comunist, emigrând în Germania.

În prezent şvabii sătmăreni, împreună cu celelalte grupuri de etnie germană din România, sunt reprezentaţi politic de FDGR (Forumul Democrat al Germanilor din România).

Vedeţi şi

Bibliografie recomandată

  • Hauler, Ernst, Elbeszélések a Szatmári svábokról (2 volume), Satu Mare, 1998-2000

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