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Bătălia de la Zărneşti-Tohani (11/21 august 1690) - Enciclopedia României - prima enciclopedie online despre România

Bătălia de la Zărneşti-Tohani (11/21 august 1690)

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Bătălia de la Zărneşti-Tohani (11/21 august 1690). Operaţiune militară iniţiată de Emeric Thököly, comandantul militar al curuţilor şi pretendent la tronul Transilvaniei, împotriva trupelor imperiale conduse de generalul Donat Heissler (cu participarea lui Constantin Brâncoveanu de partea transilvănenilor).

Domnul muntean, Constantin Brâncoveanu (16881714), a continuat relaţiile diplomatice iniţiate de Cantacuzini, pe tot parcursul secolului al XVII-lea (cu Imperiul Habsburgic, Rusia, Polonia sau grupuri influente de la Constantinopol). Incertitudinile ce au marcat începuturile domniei s-au răsfrânt negativ asupra contactelor cu imperialii, care au decis să acţioneze militar împotriva Ţării Româneşti. Un corp de oaste habsburgic, sub comanda lui Donat Heissler a intrat în Ţara Românească, la începutul anului 1689, şi a înaintat până la Bucureşti, pe care îl va ocupa. Curtea munteană a încercat, în repetate rânduri, să-i convingă pe imperiali de oportunitatea de a se retrage şi de a reveni la masa negocierilor. Refuzul acestora l-a determinat pe domn, aflat temporar la Ruşi (Prahova), să solicite ajutor otoman şi tătar, în vederea restabilirii sale în scaunul de la Bucureşti. Apelului său au răspuns Cerchez Ahmed paşa şi Gazi Ghirai, fiul hanului tătar. Posibilitatea unui încleştări de forţe habsburgo-tătaro-otomane l-a îngrijorat pe Donat Heissler, care şi-a retras trupele spre Transilvania.

Moartea principelui Mihai Apafi I (15 aprilie 1690) şi problema succesiunii la tron au complicat situaţia politică locală.

Constantin Brâncoveanu a decis intervenţia în chestiunile intestine ale statului transilvan, încercând să impună candidatura lui Emeric Thököly, liderul curuţilor şi adversar declarat al Vienei. Bătălia dintre detaşamentele lui Heissler şi armata eterogenă coordonată de Thököly, formată din trupe transilvane, otomane, tătare, corpul armat al lui Brâncoveanu, ca şi cel trimis de omologul să moldovean, Constantin Cantemir (16851693), s-a desfăşurat la Zărneşti (judeţul Braşov), la 11/21 august 1690.

Imperialii au suferit o grea înfrângere, Donat Heissler fiind luat prizonier. Domnul muntean s-a retras spre Bucureşti, evitând contraofensiva Casei de Austria, prin Ludwig von Baden. După restabilirea raporturilor dintre casa de Habsburg şi Transilvania, relaţiile diplomatice dintre Constantin Brâncoveanu şi Viena au cunoscut o evoluţie favorabilă.

Bibliografie

  • George Marcu (coord.), Enciclopedia bătăliilor din istoria românilor, Editura Meronia, Bucureşti 2011