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Giarmata - Enciclopedia României - prima enciclopedie online despre România

Giarmata

de la Enciclopedia României

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Satul
Giarmata

Comuna Giarmata
Judeţul Timiş (TM)

Stema judetului Timis.png
Giarmata.JPG
Atestare 1332
Populaţie 4.405 locuitori
Cod poştal 307210
Pagină web http://primariagiarmata.ro/

Împărţirea administrativ-teritorială a României

Giarmata este unul din cele mai mari sate din judeţul Timiş, centru administrativ al comunei cu acelaşi nume. Are o populaţie de 4.405 locuitori (2002).

Localizare

Se situează în zona periurbană a municipiului Timişoara, la circa 11 km nord de acesta, pe drumul judeţean DJ 691 Timişoara - Lipova.

Istorie

Prima atestare documentară a localităţii datează din 1332, în documentele de evidenţă papală, unde este notată cu numele Garmad şi Carmad. Aici a fost o fortăreaţă care la 1551 a fost ocupată de turci.

Istoria modernă a localităţii începe odată cu cucerirea Banatului de către austrieci, în 1717. La recensământul din acelaşi an apare cu numele Veliki Iermat (Iarmata Mare) şi are 28 de case. Sub noua administraţie, Giarmata este colonizată cu germani, care vor forma pentru aproape două secole majoritatea locuitorilor. Deja în 1720-1723 se instalează aici primii colonişti, ceea ce face din Giarmata una din primele localităţi de colonizare germană din Banat. Germanii au format satul Neu Jarmat (Iarmata Nouă) faţă de vechea aşezare care este numită Alt Jarmat (Iarmata Veche). În 1754 germanii şi-au ridicat biserica romano-catolică iar în 1764, administratorul Knoll a aşezat aici mulţi colonişti germani. Colonizarea a durat până în jurul anului 1800 şi a făcut din Giarmata un puternic centru rural al şvabilor bănăţeni.

În secolul XIX localnicii i-au schimbat numele în Jahrmarkt care înseamnă „târgul anual” în limba germană şi se apropia ca formă de numele vechi. Până înb 1964 va purta numele Iarmata, după care trece la numele actual.

Populaţia

Sat predominant german, Giarmata a cunoscut un exod al populaţiei germane începând cu anii 1970 şi accelerat la începutul anilor 1990. La recensământul din 2002, satul Giarmata avea 4.405 locuitori, din care numai 21 de germani şi 4.279 români.

<lines size=500x180 title="Evoluţia populaţiei din Giarmata" ymin=0 ymax=6000 colors=3B444B,F5B800,99BADD xlabel ylabel=4 grid=xy legend> ,total,români,germani 1880, 4844,194,4519 1890, 5607,312,5166 1900, 5322,295,4877 1910, 5267,318,4782 1920, 5169,350,4625 1930, 5184,406,4647 1941, 5210,404,4712 1966, 5193,1509,3651 1977, 5201,1741,3399 1992, 4228,4037,83 2002, 4405,4279,21</lines>

Bibliografie

  • Creţan, Remus, Dicţionar toponimic şi geografico-istoric al localităţilor din judeţul Timiş, Editura Universităţii de Vest, Timişoara, 2006 ISBN 973-7608-65-8
  • Lotreanu, Ioan, Monografia Banatului, Institutul de Arte Grafice „Ţara”, Timişoara, 1935
  • Varga, E., Statistică recensăminte după limba maternă, respectiv naţionalitate, jud. Timiş 1880 - 2002, [1]