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Sarmaţi - Enciclopedia României - prima enciclopedie online despre România

Sarmaţi

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Sarmaţii au fost o populaţie antică migratoare, de origine iraniană, ca şi sciţii şi mai târziu alanii. Din sarmaţi amestecaţi cu vechii slavi se trag o bună parte din ruşi şi ruteni.

Primele menţiuni istorice despre sarmaţi îi plasează în secolul al V-lea î. Hr. la est de Don. În a doua jumătate a secolului al III-lea î. Hr. ei se află între Don şi Nipru. După spusele lui Ptolemeu, exista o Sarmaţia europeană care se întindea de la Germania şi Dacia până la Don şi o Sarmaţia asiatică, de la Don până la Volga.

Sarmaţii înaintează spre vest doar spre sfârşitul secolului I î. Hr. În acest secol, yazigii de neam sarmat se află aşezaţi în actuala pustă ungară, în relaţii cu dacii. În acelaşi timp, roxolanii, tot un trib sarmat, se află aşezat în estul Daciei, între Nistru şi Prut, unele triburi găsindu-se probabil până în câmpia munteană.

Sarmaţii impresionau prin modul lor specific de luptă, ei luptau călare, fără scuturi, aveau armuri de fier din cap până în picioare şi mânuiau o sabie lungă cu amândouă mâinile.

Roxolanii sunt menţionaţi în anul 69 d. Hr. când fac o incursiune la sud de Dunăre, în imperiul roman.

În timpul războaielor daco-romane, sarmaţii sunt aliaţii dacilor.

După cucerirea romană a Daciei, yazigii şi roxolanii rămân în zonele unde locuiau anterior şi fac incursiuni în noua provincie romană Dacia până târziu, pe vremea împăratului roman Hadrian.

Sarmaţii sunt menţionaţi în anul 332, cu ocazia expediţiei bizantine condusă de Constantin al II-lea împotriva goţilor la nord de Dunăre.

Nu se poate vorbi de o aşezare în număr mare a sarmaţilor pe teritoriul Daciei şi nici de o stăpânire pe timp îndelungat a acestora.

Bibliografie

  • Giurescu, Constantin C. - Istoria românilor, vol. I, ediţia a V-a, editura BIC ALL.
  • Predescu, Lucian - Enciclopedia României. Cugetarea, Editura Saeculum, Bucureşti, 1999 ISBN 973-9399-03-7