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Tunul de 9 - Enciclopedia României - prima enciclopedie online despre România

Tunul de 9

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Tunurile Krupp, calibru 87 mm, model 1875, denumite şi tunurile de 9, au fost un tip de piese de artilerie de câmp care au fost în dotarea armatei române în secolul al XIX-lea, în timpul Războiului pentru Independenţă.

Au fost denumite tunurile de 9 datorită calibrului de aproape 90 mm (87 mm). Au fost armamentul de bază al artileriei române în Războiul pentru Independenţă.

Tunurile Krupp, calibru 87 mm, model 1875, au fost comandate de către generalul Ion Emanoil Florescu în anul 1874 la uzinele Krupp din Germania, ca urmare a înfiinţării Regimentelor 3 şi 4 artilerie din armata română. Ca performanţe, aceste tunuri erau superioare celor aflate în dotarea armatei otomane, cu care aveau să se confrunte pe câmpurile de luptă din Bulgaria în anii 1877-1878.

Principala misiune a tunurilor de 9 era sprijinirea acţiunilor infanteriei, având rolul de tunuri de câmp.

Construcţia tunului de 9 era foarte asemănătoare cu cea a tunului de 8 (tunul Krupp, calibru 78,5 mm, model 1868 şi model 1871). Ca premieră, tunul de 9 este primul tun din dotarea armatei române care avea afetul fabricat complet din metal.

Ţeava avea o greutate de 487 kilograme (cu închizător), lungimea de 2.100 milimetri şi era montată pe un afet metalic, împreună cu care cântărea 965 kilograme. Afetul cu ţeava erau legate de un antetren. Greutatea totală a tunului, cu antetrenul şi accesoriile, era de 1.795 kilograme. În cheson se puteau transporta 55 obuze, 2 mitralii şi 30 şrapnele, pe lângă 90 cartuşe, focoase (din care şase fuzante) şi 300 stupile pentru darea focului.

Greutatea proiectilului tras de acest model de tun varia în funcţie de tipul acestuia. Se puteau trage patru tipuri de proiectile (obuze, şrapnele, incendiare şi mitralii), cu focoase percutante la orice distanţă şi fuzante, până la distanţa maximă de 6.800 metri. Greutatea obuzului era de 6,355 kilograme, având viteza iniţială de ieşire la gura ţevii de 465 metri/secundă. Un şrapnel cântărea 7,1 kilograme şi era încărcat cu 180 gloanţe, iar o mitralie avea 6,2 kilograme, conţinând 62 gloanţe.

La 12 noiembrie 1877 bateria 6 din Regimentul 2 artilerie, comandată de căpitanul Algiu, a efectuat cu acest model de tun trageri de luptă la distanţe record, la 6.200 metri.

Bibliografie

  • Stroea, Adrian, col. conf. univ. dr., Băjenaru, Gheorghe, lt. col - Artileria română în date şi imagini, Editura Centrului Tehnic-Editorial al Armatei, Bucureşti, 2010 ISBN 978-606-524-080-3
  • *** - 165 ani de existenţă a artileriei române moderne, Bucureşti, 2008